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Create panel > Cameras > Target button or Free button > Parameters rollout
Most of the camera controls are common to both kinds of cameras. This topic describes those controls.
To view a narrower area, do either of the following:
Change the FOV parameter to decrease the camera's field of view.
Click a button with a longer focal length. Use the Lens parameter to give the focal length a value other than the preset "stock" values on the buttons.
In a camera viewport, the FOV button lets you adjust the field of view interactively.
The camera viewport Perspective button also changes the FOV in conjunction with dollying the camera.
Note: Only the FOV value is saved with the camera. The focal length value is merely an alternative way to express and select the FOV.
To set the camera lens size:
In the Stock Lenses group, click a button to choose a stock focal length.
Set the Lens spinner to a custom focal length.
Tip: If you want to maintain the same lens, avoid using the FOV or Perspective controls among the navigation icon buttons, and don't change the FOV spinner.
Important: When a camera viewport is active, changing the Output Size or (custom) Aperture Width in the Render Scene dialog will change the camera's Lens setting.
To match a camera to a film or video format:
In the Render Scene dialog, choose the type of output you want.
If it's a preset, choose the preset from the Output Size drop-down list. The Aperture Width will be locked to the preset's values.
If it's Custom, you can set your own Aperture Width, and should do so at this point. (You can adjust the other output values at any later time. They have no affect on the camera lens settings, although they do affect the cropping of the scene.)
Once the Aperture Width is set, set the Lens spinner to the type of camera lens you want to emulate (for example, 50mm).
If you want to maintain the same lens, avoid using the FOV or Perspective controls among the navigation icon buttons.
To find a lens's focal length:
To find the focal length of a lens based on changes in aperture width, display the Render Scene dialog, choose Custom from the Output Size drop-down list, and specify a value in the Aperture Width spinner. The new value of the camera's Lens spinner is based on the new Aperture Width value.
To set clipping planes:
Turn on Clip Manually.
When Clip Manually is off, the camera ignores the location of the Near and Far clipping planes, and their controls are grayed out. The camera renders all geometry within its field of view.
Set the Near Clip value to position the near clipping plane.
Objects closer to the camera than the Near distance are not visible to the camera and aren't rendered.
Set the Far Clip value to position the far clipping plane.
Objects farther from the camera than the Far distance are not visible to the camera and aren't rendered.
You can set the Near clipping plane close to the camera so that it doesn't exclude any geometry, and still use the Far plane to exclude objects. Similarly, you can set the Far clipping plane far enough from the camera that it doesn't exclude any geometry, and still use the Near plane to exclude objects.
The Near value is constrained to be less than the Far value.
If the clipping plane intersects an object, it cuts through that object, creating a cutaway view.
The effect of clipping planes
To apply a multi-pass rendering effect to a scene:
In the Multi-Pass Effect group, turn on Enable and choose either Depth of Field or Motion Blur.
Use the Depth of Field Parameters rollout or the Motion Blur Parameters rollout to set the values for the effect you chose.
Activate a camera viewport.
In the Multi-Pass Effect group, click Preview to preview the effect in the camera viewport.
The Preview button has no effect if a camera viewport isn't active.
Render the scene or animation.
Lens—Sets the camera's focal length in millimeters. Use the Lens spinner to give the focal length a value other than the preset "stock" values on the buttons in the Stock Lenses group box.
When you change the Aperture Width value in the Render Scene dialog, you also change the value in the Lens spinner field. This doesn't change the view through the camera, but it does change the relationship between the Lens value and the FOV value, as well as the aspect ratio of the camera's cone.
FOV Direction flyout—Lets you choose how to apply the field of view (FOV) value:
Horizontal—(The default.) Applies the FOV horizontally. This is the standard way to set and measure the FOV.
Vertical—Applies the FOV vertically.
Diagonal—Applies the FOV diagonally, from one corner of the viewport to the other.
FOV—Determines how wide an area the camera views (field of view). When FOV Direction is horizontal (the default), the FOV parameter directly sets the arc of the camera's horizon, measured in degrees. You can also set the FOV Direction to measure FOV vertically or diagonally.
You can also adjust the field of view interactively in a camera viewport by using the FOV button.
Orthographic Projection—When on, the camera view looks just like a User view. When off, the camera view is the standard perspective-like view. While Orthographic Projection is in effect, the viewport navigation buttons behave as they ordinarily do, except for Perspective. Perspective function still moves the camera and changes the FOV, but the Orthographic Projection cancels the two out, so you don't see any change until you turn off Orthographic Projection.
15mm, 20mm, 24mm, 28mm, 35mm, 50mm, 85mm, 135mm, 200mm—These preset values set the camera's focal length in millimeters.
Type—Changes the camera's type from a Target camera to a Free camera, and vice versa.
Note: When you switch from a target camera to a free camera, any animation applied to the camera's target is lost, because the target object goes away.
Show Cone—Displays the cone (actually a pyramid) defined by a camera's field of view. The cone appears in the other viewports but does not appear in a camera viewport.
Show Horizon—Displays the horizon line. A dark gray line appears at the level of the horizon in the camera's viewport.
Near Range and Far Range—Determine the near and far range limits for the atmospheric effects set in the Environment dialog. Objects between the two limits fade between the Far % and Near % values.
Show—Displays rectangles within the camera's cone to show the Near and Far range settings.
Top: Conceptual image of the Near and Far ranges.
Bottom: Result after rendering.
Sets options to define clipping planes. In viewports, clipping planes are displayed as red rectangles (with diagonals) within the camera's cone.
Clip Manually—Turn on to define clipping planes.
When Clip Manually is off, geometry closer to the camera than 3 units is not displayed. To override this, use Clip Manually.
Near Clip and Far Clip—Sets near and far planes. Objects closer than the near clipping plane or farther than the far clipping plane are invisible to the camera. The limit of the Far Clip value is 10 to the power of 32.
With manual clipping on, the near clipping plane can be as close to the camera as 0.1 unit.
Warning: Extremely large Far Clip values can produce floating-point error, which can cause Z-buffer problems in the viewport, such as objects appearing in front of other objects when they shouldn't.
Conceptual image of Near and Far clipping planes.
These controls let you assign a depth-of-field or motion blur effect to the camera. When generated by a camera, these effects generate blurring by rendering the scene in multiple passes, with offsets. They increase rendering time.
Tip: The depth-of-field and motion blur effects are mutually exclusive. Because they rely on multiple rendering passes, applying both to the same camera could be prohibitively slow. If you want to use both depth-of-field and motion blurring in the same scene, use multi-pass depth-of-field (using these camera parameters) and combine it with object motion blur.
Tip: Enable—When on, previewing or rendering uses the effect. When off, the effect is not rendered.
Tip: Preview—Click to preview the effect in an active camera viewport. This button has no effect if the active viewport is not a camera view.
Tip: Effect drop-down list—Lets you choose which multi-pass effect to generate, Depth Of Field or Motion Blur. These effects are mutually exclusive. Default=Depth Of Field. Lets you choose the Depth of Field multi-pass effect.
Note: The rollout for the chosen effect appears, by default, after the Parameters rollout.
Render Effects Per Pass—When on, applies rendering effects, if any are assigned, to each pass of the multi-pass effect (depth of field or motion blur). When off, applies rendering effects only after the passes that generate the multi-pass effect. Default=off.
Turning off Render Effects Per Pass can improve the render time for multi-pass effects.
Target Distance—With a free camera, sets a point to use as an invisible target so that you can orbit a camera around that point. With a target camera, indicates the distance between the camera and its target.
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