3D maps are patterns generated procedurally in three dimensions. For example, Marble has a grain that goes through the assigned geometry. If you cut away part of an object with marble assigned as its texture, the grain in the cutaway portion matches the grain on the object's exterior. The following 3D maps are available in 3ds max:
Cellular: Generates a cellular pattern that's useful for a variety of visual effects, including mosaic tiling, pebbled surfaces, and ocean surfaces.
Dent: Generates three-dimensional bumps over a surface.
Falloff: Generates a value from white to black based on the angular falloff of the face normals on the surface of the geometry. The Falloff map provides greater flexibility when creating opacity falloff effects. Other effects include Shadow/Light, Distance Blend, and Fresnel.
Marble: Simulates the grain of marble with two explicit colors and a third intermediate color.
Noise: Noise is a turbulence pattern in three dimensions. Like Checker in 2D, it is based on two colors, either of which can be mapped.
Particle Age: Alters the color (or map) of a particle based on the particle's life.
Particle MBlur: (MBlur is short for Motion Blur.) Alters the opacity of the leading and trailing ends of particles based on their rate of movement.
Perlin Marble: An alternative, procedural marble map with a turbulence pattern.
Planet: Simulates the contours of a planet as seen from space.
Smoke: Generates fractal-based turbulence patterns to simulate the effects of smoke in a beam of light, or other cloudy, flowing mapping effects.
Speckle: Generates a speckled surface for creating patterned surfaces that can simulate granite and similar materials.
Splat: Generates a fractal pattern similar to splattered paint.
Stucco: Generates a fractal pattern similar to stucco.
Water: Creates watery or wavy effects by generating a number of spherical wave centers and randomly distributing them.
Wood: Creates a 3D wood grain pattern.
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